Complete Elimination of the Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic from Water by the Combination of Adsorption–Photocatalysis Process Using Natural Hydroxyapatite and TiO2

The main objective of this work was to assess the performance combined processes, adsorption/ photodegradation ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CIP). Adsorption achieved on natural hydroxyapatite (nat-HA) in batch mode. effect pH (3–12), initial concentration (C0, 25–200 mg L?1), adsorbent dose (m, 0.25–3 g and temperature (T, 298–328 K) adsorption capacity studied. At 298 K, maximum uptake 147.7 g?1 observed with close 8, 1 L?1nat-HA dose, 150 L?1 CIP concentration. effective, a removal percentage 82% within 90 minutes contact time. For onto nat-HA, pseudo-second-order kinetic model is well-suited. Langmuir isotherm successfully fit experimental data process spontaneous exothermic. coupling processes (adsorption/photocatalysis) were examined found be highly effective. remaining concentrations, degradation efficiency mineralization yield ~100% 98.5%, respectively, for CIP. combination strong high photocatalytic activity TiO2 can an effective technique removing fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater.